1.Austenitic stainless hlau:Hom stainless hlau no yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam, suav txog ib ncig ntawm ob feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov hlau stainless ntau lawm. Austenitic stainless hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov qib siab ntawm chromium (feem ntau 18% lossis ntau dua) thiab npib tsib xee (feem ntau 8% lossis ntau dua), uas ua rau nws tiv taus corrosion thiab staining. Nws kuj yog non-magnetic thiab muaj zoo heev formability thiab weldability.
Nyob rau hauv qeb austenitic, muaj ntau yam subcategories ntawm stainless hlau, xws li:
Standard austenitic stainless hlau: Hom austenitic stainless hlau no yog siv dav tshaj plaws thiab suav nrog qib xws li 304 (tseem hu ua 18/8 stainless hlau) thiab 316 (tseem hu ua marine qib stainless hlau). Cov qib no yog siv ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, kev siv vaj tse, thiab cov khoom siv kho mob.
High-performance austenitic stainless hlau: Hom austenitic stainless hlau no suav nrog cov qib xws li 904L, 254 SMO, thiab AL-6XN, uas muaj qib siab dua corrosion thiab lwm yam khoom dua li cov qib austenitic. Lawv feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm rau qhov chaw muaj corrosive heev, xws li hauv kev ua tshuaj lom neeg thiab roj thiab roj ntau lawm.
Tsis tshua muaj npib tsib xee austenitic stainless hlau: Hom austenitic stainless hlau no muaj cov nickel qis dua cov qib austenitic, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 3% mus rau 4%. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau zoo formability thiab weldability tab sis tsis xav tau cov qib siab corrosion kuj muab los ntawm cov qauv austenitic qib.
2. Ferritic stainless hlau:Ferritic stainless hlau muaj cov nickel qis dua austenitic stainless hlau (feem ntau tsawg dua 2%) thiab qib siab ntawm chromium (feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 12% txog 27%). Nws muaj lub cev-centered cubic (BCC) siv lead ua qauv thiab yog hlau nplaum. Ferritic stainless hlau paub txog nws zoo corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv me ntsis acidic los yog alkaline ib puag ncig, thiab nws zoo kub-kub oxidation kuj.
Nyob rau hauv qeb ferritic, muaj ntau yam subcategories ntawm stainless hlau, xws li:
Standard ferritic stainless hlau: Hom ferritic stainless hlau no suav nrog cov qib xws li 409 thiab 430, uas feem ntau siv rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv ua noj, thiab cov ntawv siv kho kom zoo nkauj.
High-chromium ferritic stainless hlau: Hom ferritic stainless hlau no muaj cov qib chromium ntau dua li cov qib ferritic, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 18% mus rau 30%. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau zoo corrosion kuj ntawm kub kub, xws li nyob rau hauv boilers thiab tshav kub exchangers.
Tsawg-nickel ferritic stainless hlau: Hom ferritic stainless hlau no muaj cov nickel qis dua cov qib ferritic, feem ntau tsawg dua 1%. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau zoo formability thiab weldability tab sis tsis xav tau cov qib siab corrosion kuj muab los ntawm cov qauv ferritic qib.
3. Martensitic stainless hlau:Martensitic stainless hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws lub zog siab thiab hardness. Nws muaj cov qib nruab nrab ntawm chromium (feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 11% txog 17%) thiab tuaj yeem muaj me me ntawm npib tsib xee, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab lus. Martensitic stainless hlau muaj lub cev-centered tetragonal (BCT) siv lead ua qauv thiab yog hlau nplaum. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau lub zog siab, xws li hauv cutlery, riam, thiab turbine hniav.
Nyob rau hauv qeb martensitic, muaj ntau yam subcategories ntawm stainless hlau, xws li:
Txheem martensitic stainless hlau: Hom martensitic stainless hlau no suav nrog qib xws li
410 thiab 420, uas feem ntau siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov xws li cutlery, kho hniav thiab phais cov cuab yeej, thiab li qub.
High-carbon martensitic stainless hlau: Hom martensitic stainless hlau no muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau dua li cov qib martensitic, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.65% mus rau 1.15%. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, xws li nyob rau hauv bearings thiab tej cuab yeej.
Precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless hlau: Hom martensitic stainless hlau no tuaj yeem ua kom tawv los ntawm kev kho cua sov thiab nag lossis daus ntawm cov khoom me me hauv microstructure. Nws suav nrog qib xws li 17-4PH thiab 15-5PH, uas feem ntau siv hauv aerospace thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm siab.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev xaiv ntawm stainless hlau qeb thiab qib yog nyob ntawm cov kev thov tshwj xeeb, xws li corrosion kuj, mechanical zog, thiab nqi. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau sab laj nrog tus kws tsim khoom lossis tus neeg muag khoom los txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog stainless hlau tshaj plaws rau daim ntawv thov.
