Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov kav dej tooj liab?
Lub cev muaj zog ntawm tooj liab
Tooj liab yog xim liab-liab hlau uas yog tawv thiab malleable. Nws muaj cov thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom zoo heev rau hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity. Ntawm 20 degree, thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab yog 397w / m·k, thiab nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity yog 94% nyiaj. Lub melting point ntawm tooj liab yog 1083.4 ± 0.2 degree, lub boiling point yog 2567 degree, thiab qhov ceev yog 8.92g / cm³.
01
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Tooj liab yog cov khoom siv tshuaj nrog cov cim tshuaj Cu thiab atomic tooj 29. Cov tooj liab ntshiab yog cov hlau mos. Thaum txiav, qhov saum npoo yog xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv nrog lub ntsej muag xim hlau, thiab cov tooj liab ntshiab yog ntshav-liab. tooj liab yog tsawg mobile thiab insoluble nyob rau hauv non-oxidizing acids.
02
Qib ntawmcev tooj
Copper tubes: Xws li H59, H62, H65, thiab lwm yam. Lawv yog cov khoom siv tooj liab ua los ntawm tooj liab ua cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab ntxiv me me ntawm lwm cov khoom.
Brass tube: xws li H68, H80, H90, thiab lwm yam. Brass yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc, feem ntau muaj 70% mus rau 90% tooj liab thiab 10% mus rau 30% zinc.
Aluminium bronze raj: xws li C68700, C70600, C71500, thiab lwm yam. Aluminium bronze yog cov khoom siv hlau ntawm tooj liab, txhuas, manganese thiab lwm yam khoom.
Oxygen-free copper tubes: xws li TU1, TU2, thiab lwm yam. Oxygen-free copper tubes xa mus rau cov khoom tooj liab uas tau deoxidized.
Nickel tooj liab raj: xws li B111 C70600, B111 C71500, thiab lwm yam. Nickel tooj liab raj yog cov khoom siv tooj liab ua los ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, nrog rau lwm cov khoom ntxiv.
03
Kev sib piv ntawm cov kav dej tooj liab thiab lwm cov kav hlau
Cov thermal conductivity zoo heev: Cov raj tooj liab muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo heev, yog li lawv tau siv dav hauv tub yees, cua txias thiab lwm yam.
Zoo corrosion kuj: tooj liab kav yuav tiv taus corrosion los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj
Zoo plasticity thiab weldability: tooj liab kav yog yooj yim rau khoov, txiav thiab weld, ua kev tsim kho thiab installation yooj yim.
Antibacterial zog: tooj liab muaj ntuj antibacterial thaj chaw.
Corrosion kuj
thermal conductivity
Solderability
04
Khoom siv: Cov khoom siv tooj liab nrog tooj liab ua cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab ib qho me me ntawm lwm cov khoom ntxiv.
Cov qhab nia:
T series qib:
T1: Muaj tooj liab ntshiab nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab txog li 99.95%, purity siab heev.
T2: Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab yog li 99.90%. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov qib siv feem ntau hauv cov raj tooj liab.
T3: Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab yog kwv yees li 99.70%, thiab purity yog me ntsis qis dua T1 thiab T2.
H series qib (feem ntau yog siv tooj dag, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov qib sib xws hauv tooj liab):
H85: Qib tooj liab raj nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntawm kwv yees li 85%. Nws muaj cov khoom zoo ntawm lub cev thiab txhua yam, zoo corrosion kuj, thiab siab thermal conductivity.
H62: Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab siab, kwv yees li 62%, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal conductivity, nrog rau zoo ductility thiab plasticity.
Lwm hom:
TP 2:
C1100, C1011, C1020, thiab lwm yam.
Khoom siv: Ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc, feem ntau muaj 70% mus rau 90% tooj liab thiab 10% mus rau 30% zinc.
Cov qib: H68, H80, H90, thiab lwm yam.
Nta: Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv rooj tog, khoom siv hauv chav dej, nws pib qhov chaw thiab lwm yam.
Khoom siv: Cov khoom siv tooj liab ua los ntawm tooj liab, txhuas, manganese thiab lwm yam khoom siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, nrog rau me me ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv.
Cov qib: C68700, C70600, C71500, thiab lwm yam.
Nta: Nws muaj lub zog zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv marine engineering, tsheb ciav hlau braking systems, tshav kub exchangers thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
Khoom siv: Deoxidized copper khoom.
Cov qhab nia: TU1, TU2, thiab lwm yam.
Nta: Nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, plasticity thiab weldability, thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv cov tshuab cua txias, cov khoom siv tub yees, lub rhaub dej thiab lwm yam.
Khoom siv: Cov khoom siv tooj liab ua los ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, nrog rau lwm cov khoom ntxiv.
Cov qib: B111 C70600, B111 C71500, thiab lwm yam.
Nta: Nws muaj lub zog zoo, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab yog dav siv hauv marine engineering, hlau ua machinery thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
Nta: Muaj 0.015-0.04% phosphorus, muaj cov vuam zoo thiab khoov txias.
Daim ntawv thov: Feem ntau yog siv rau cov roj kab txuas cov kav dej ntawm qhov cub, cua txias thiab tub yees txuas cov kav dej, hluav taws xob cua sov kav, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tooj liab rau cov khoom siv yeeb nkab?
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Copper muaj cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm txias, tiv thaiv tshav kub, tiv thaiv siab, tiv thaiv corrosion thiab hluav taws kub, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov chaw sib txawv rau lub sijhawm ntev. Piv txwv li, cov kav dej tooj liab siv hauv Ruijin Hotel thiab Union Tsev Kho Mob tseem nyob hauv qhov zoo tom qab 80 xyoo.
Cov kav dej tooj liab muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev thiab tej zaum yuav dhau lub neej ntawm lub tsev.
Kev tu cev zoo heev:
Cov yeeb nkab tooj liab muaj cov qauv zoo thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau cov khoom sab hauv thiab sab nraud nkag mus rau hauv cov dej qias neeg, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.
Kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias E. coli hauv cov dej tsis tuaj yeem tsim dua tshiab hauv cov kav dej tooj liab; Ntau tshaj 99% ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej raug tua tag nrho tom qab nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej tooj liab rau 5 teev.
Zoo thermal conductivity:
Copper muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo thiab tuaj yeem hloov cov cua sov sai, yog li cov kav dej tooj liab tuaj yeem hloov cov dej kub sai dua thiab ua kom cov dej ntws nrawm dua.
Zoo corrosion kuj:
Tooj liab muaj zog corrosion kuj thiab tsis yooj yim rau oxidize. Nws yuav tsis xeb yooj yim tom qab siv mus ntev. Nws tuaj yeem khaws cia kom huv thiab huv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov dej zoo.
Sab hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab yog du thiab yooj yim rau nruab. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb xws li cov kav dej kub thiab txias thiab cov kav dej oxygen.
Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg:
Tooj liab yog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, thiab siv cov kav dej tooj liab yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig.
Yooj yim rau nruab thiab tswj:
Feem ntau cov kav dej tooj liab txuas nrog tooj liab xov, uas ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm kev sib txuas thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas.
Kev siv ntau yam:
Cov kav dej tooj liab tuav ib qho monopoly hauv dej thiab cov kav dej hauv cov teb chaws tsim los yog cov cheeb tsam, nrog rau kev lag luam sib faib txog li 70%, thiab tsim nyog rau ntau qhov chaw thiab kev siv.
Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawmmos tooj liab tubes thiab tawv tooj liab tubes. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws point-by-point sawv cev thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ob:
1. Khoom thiab qauv:
Mos tooj liab tubing (tseem hu ua saj zawg zog tooj liab tubing los yog LWC) yog tsim los ntawm ib tug mos tooj liab cov ntaub ntawv uas tau raug annealed los txhim kho nws yooj. Nws lub raj phab ntsa yog qhov nyias nyias thiab yooj yim rau khoov thiab duab.
Cov raj tawv tooj liab yog tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias, ua haujlwm ib nrab txias thiab kos duab txias, thiab muaj cov phab ntsa tuab dua. Hard tooj liab yeeb nkab muaj siab hardness, siab zog, corrosion kuj thiab zoo heev mechanical zog.
2. Daim ntawv thov scenarios
Mos tooj liab tube:
Cov kav dej hauv tsev: Vim lawv qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa, cov kav dej mos yog feem ntau siv rau cov kav dej hauv tsev.
Condenser, cov yeeb nkab cua txias: Hauv cov tub yees thiab cua txias, cov kav dej mos yog siv los txuas cov condenser thiab cov kav cua txias kom ntseeg tau tias cov tub yees txias.
Hnub ci dej rhaub: Cov kav dej mos tooj liab kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov dej ntawm lub hnub ci dej rhaub vim lawv cov thermal conductivity thiab corrosion kuj.
Lwm qhov chaw pej xeem: xws li cov dej xa dej thiab cov kav dej hauv cov chav dej, chav ua noj, thiab lwm yam.
Hard Copper Tube:
Cov kav dej loj: Hauv cov tsev loj, cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam., cov kav dej tooj liab nyuaj yog siv los ua cov kav dej loj thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus siab dua thiab ntws.
Gas Pipe: Vim nws lub zog siab thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, cov yeeb nkab tawv tooj liab kuj tau siv dav hauv cov kav dej.
Lub tub yees thiab cua txias: Ntxiv nrog rau cov condensers thiab cov kav dej txias, cov kav dej tawv tooj liab kuj tseem siv tau rau lwm qhov ntawm cov tub yees thiab cua txias, xws li condensers, evaporators, thiab lwm yam.
Kev Siv Dej: Hauv kev lag luam, kev lag luam thiab pej xeem cov tsev, cov kav dej tawv tawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv dej los xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab cov dej ntws zoo.
3. Nta:
Mos tooj liab yeeb nkab muaj qhov zoo ductility thiab plasticity, nruab nrab hardness (feem ntau R220), thiab yooj yim rau khoov thiab zoo li. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kav dej mos tooj liab yog tus nqi pheej yig thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm phau ntawv khoov.
Hard tooj liab yeeb nkab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab, siab corrosion kuj, thiab tsis yooj yim rau deform. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab nyuaj yog qhov siab, tab sis nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ua rau nws kav ntev dua. Cov kav hlau tawv tawv yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb khoov thiab yuav ua kom lawv cov duab zoo thaum siv.
4. Kev ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa:
Cov kav dej mos tooj liab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm phau ntawv khoov, thiab kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas yog qhov yooj yim.
Cov yeeb nkab tawv tawv yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb khoov, thiab vim nws qhov ruaj khov, kev teeb tsa yuav xav tau ntau yam cuab yeej thiab cov tswv yim.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kav dej tooj liab thiab cov kav hlau tawv tawv ntawm cov khoom siv, qauv, kev siv, cov yam ntxwv, kev ua thiab kev teeb tsa. Yam twg ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab xaiv nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thiab xav tau.
Lub thickness ntawm lub raj tooj liab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, feem ntau hauv cov hauv qab no:
Siab endurance:
Lub peev xwm-hnyav ntawmcov kav dej tooj liabnce thaum lub thickness nce. Feem ntau hais lus, qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab, qhov muaj zog ntawm nws lub peev xwm siab thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus siab dua. Qhov no yog vim tias qhov loj dua phab ntsa thickness, qhov me me ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub raj tooj liab, thiab lub zog sab nraud yog dispersed nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam me me, ua rau lub raj tooj liab muaj zog thiab muaj zog-resistant.
Kev ua haujlwm kub thiab txias:
Lub thickness ntawm lub raj tooj liab muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws qhov kev ua haujlwm txias thiab cua sov. Vim nws cov thickness loj dua, cov yeeb nkab tooj liab tuab muaj zog dua, tuaj yeem tiv taus siab dua thiab nro, thiab kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob, cov kav dej tooj liab tuab muaj qhov hloov hluav taws xob qeeb qeeb vim tias cov cua sov yuav tsum tau dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dua, uas yuav ua rau kom yooj yim deformation thiab thermal tawg thaum tshav kub load loj.
Thaum tshav kub kub hloov efficiency:
Cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm lub raj tooj liab yog qhov tsis kam mus rau cov cua sov hloov mus rau hauv lub raj tooj liab thiab cuam tshuam rau cov cua sov hloov pauv. Kev sim cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias cov raj tooj liab nrog cov phab ntsa nyias nyias tuaj yeem hloov cov cua sov hauv lub sijhawm luv luv thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov cua sov. Raws li cov phab ntsa tuab txuas ntxiv mus, cov nyhuv hloov hluav taws xob maj mam txo qis, thiab thaum cov phab ntsa thickness ntau dua 1 hli, qhov txo qis hauv cov nyhuv hloov tshav kub yog qhov pom tseeb dua.
tus nqi:
Lub thickness ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab kuj cuam tshuam rau nws cov nqi. Feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom siv tus nqi ntawm cov kav dej tooj liab nrog cov phab ntsa tuab yog qis dua, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yuav tsum siab thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, yog li tus nqi muag yuav siab dua. Cov kav dej tooj liab nrog cov phab ntsa tuab muaj cov khoom siv ntau dua tab sis tsis yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem, yog li lawv cov nqi muag kuj tsawg.
Daim ntawv thov scenarios:
Thaum xaiv cov kav dej tooj liab, lub thickness tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov tseeb daim ntawv thov scenario. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj cua sov loads thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos qhov chaw xws li condensers thiab evaporators, nyias tooj liab tubes yog tsim nyog vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov cua kub hloov ceev ceev thiab zoo tshav kub dissipation kev ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau tiv taus siab dua thiab yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion, cov kav dej tuab yog tsim nyog dua.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, lub thickness ntawm lub raj tooj liab muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub peev xwm-kev coj tus kheej, kev ua kom txias thiab cua sov, kev hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, nqi, thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios. Thaum xaiv cov kav dej tooj liab, cov xwm txheej no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej tiag tiag los xaiv cov yeeb nkab tooj liab uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws.
Qhov ntsuas kub li cas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tubing tooj liab?
1. Kev hloov ntawm lub cev muaj zog:
Cov kav dej tooj liab yuav raug hloov pauv lub cev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab yuav nce thiab txoj kab uas hla yuav poob; conversely, thaum kub poob, qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab yuav luv thiab txoj kab uas hla yuav nthuav. Qhov no yog vim hais tias thaum tooj liab hloov qhov kub thiab txias, nws cov qauv sab hauv hloov, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho lub cev.
Piv txwv li, cov kab hluav taws xob nthuav dav ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab yog 0.018mm/m·k. Thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 60 degree, 1m ntev tooj liab yeeb nkab yuav nce 1 hli.
2. Thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob conductivity:
Thaum kub kub, thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm tooj liab kav yuav nce. Qhov no ua rau cov kav dej tooj liab tau siv dav hauv cov cua sov thiab cua txias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci zog thiab cua txias tshuab, qhov twg nws cov kev ua tau zoo heev tshwj xeeb.
Daim ntawv thov thiab sau ntawv:
Thaum kub kub, cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov kav dej tooj liab hloov. Yog li ntawd, qee qhov kev suav thiab kev kwv yees yuav tsum tau siv thaum siv los ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub system.
Cov kav dej tooj liab zoo tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv yuav tsis khoov lossis deform nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm -200 degree thiab 200 degree, yuav tsis hlawv thaum raug hluav taws kub, thiab yuav tsis tso cov pa phem thaum raug tshav kub. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov kav dej tooj liab yog qhov hloov tau zoo rau qhov kub thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam kev hloov pauv kub los ntawm huab cua txias mus rau huab cua kub.
3. Thermal expansion thiab contraction:
Txhua cov yeeb nkab yuav nthuav dav nrog cua sov thiab cog lus nrog txias, thiab cov kav dej tooj liab tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, piv rau cov kav dej ua los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv, cov kav dej tooj liab muaj qhov sib txuas me me, uas ua rau lawv tsis tshua muaj deformable thaum kub hloov.
Thaum lub sij hawm kev teeb tsa engineering, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev ntsuas sib xws, xws li kev txhim kho telescopic knots lossis lub luj tshib.
